UK inflation unexpectedly rose to 3.4 per cent in December, up from 3.2 per cent in November and above the 3.3 per cent forecast, driven mainly by higher tobacco prices and costly airfares. This keeps inflation above the Bank of England's 2 per cent target and complicates the outlook for interest rate cuts. Core inflation, which excludes food, energy, alcohol and tobacco, remained at 3.2 per cent, while services inflation inched up to 4.5 per cent, pointing to underlying price pressures. The Bank of England had forecast easing inflation in early 2026 and cut rates to 3.75 per cent in December, but markets now expect the next move could come in June rather than February. The pound was little changed and broader market reaction muted, reflecting uncertainty over future monetary policy and a still subdued UK economy.
UK wage growth slowed in the three months to November, with average weekly earnings excluding bonuses rising 4.5 per cent, down slightly from 4.6 per cent and in line with forecasts, as employers cut staff ahead of the late November Budget, according to official data. Private sector pay, which the Bank of England watches closely as a sign of inflation pressure, dropped more sharply to 3.6 per cent, its slowest pace in years. Public sector wage growth stayed strong at 7.8 per cent, partly due to earlier pay deals. The unemployment rate held at 5.1 per cent, and the number of payroll jobs continued to fall, pointing to a weakening labour market that should help ease inflation. Markets took the news as a sign rate cuts could come later this year, with the pound rising about 0.4 per cent against the dollar after the data was published. Still, most economists think a cut in February is unlikely unless inflation figures out this week come in much lower than expected.
The European Union is preparing retaliatory tariffs worth €93 billion and potential restrictions on US firms in response to Donald Trump's threat to impose duties on European allies who oppose his Greenland ambitions. This marks the deepest crisis in US-EU relations for decades. Trump's plan, which includes 10 per cent tariffs from February 1 on several European nations, has prompted calls from France and Germany to activate new EU powers that could curb access for US tech giants. While some EU states want to maintain dialogue, others insist on firm countermeasures if Trump refuses to back down. The issue is expected to dominate this week's World Economic Forum in Davos, where leaders will meet to seek a resolution. Markets reacted sharply, with European stock futures down 1.5 per cent and gold rising 2 per cent to a record high.
Donald Trump has announced new tariffs of 10 per cent on key European economies, set to rise to 25 per cent in June, unless they support his controversial plan to acquire Greenland. The proposed levies target countries including the UK, Germany, France and Denmark, and are framed as a response to Europe's refusal to back the deal. Trump argues the island is essential for US defence, but the move has drawn strong criticism from European leaders who warn it risks undermining NATO and existing trade ties. Mass protests in Greenland and Denmark have signalled fierce public opposition, while EU officials are now reconsidering the ratification of a recent trade agreement with the US. Economically, the threat of tariffs adds to global uncertainty, potentially disrupting supply chains and raising costs. Markets have reacted nervously, with European stocks slipping and safe haven assets like gold edging higher as investors weigh the implications of a widening transatlantic rift.
UK GDP grew by a stronger-than-expected 0.3% in November, marking a rebound from October's contraction and lifting hopes the economy may narrowly avoid a technical recession. Growth was driven by services and a 2.1% surge in manufacturing, aided by resumed car production post-Jaguar Land Rover's cyberattack. The positive data, the best monthly print since June, offers some relief amid geopolitical uncertainty, high borrowing costs and anticipation of tax rises. It also reduces the likelihood of an immediate interest rate cut by the Bank of England, with markets maintaining bets for a June cut. Sterling was steady following the release, with limited market reaction.
US inflation held steady at 2.7% in December, matching November's pace and aligning with forecasts, offering reassurance that price pressures remain contained. Core inflation, which excludes volatile food and energy, rose slightly less than expected at 2.6%, with housing costs being the main driver. Despite lingering above the Federal Reserve's 2% target, the figures support the view that inflation has peaked, easing concerns about tariff-driven spikes under Trump's trade policy. Economists anticipate inflation will continue to ease in 2026, though data distortion from last year's government shutdown remains a caveat. The muted inflation print strengthens expectations that the Fed will keep interest rates unchanged at its next meeting. Markets responded positively: the two-year Treasury yield fell to 3.52%, futures priced in two rate cuts for 2026, and equities rose while the US dollar softened.
The U.S. Justice Department has launched a criminal investigation into Federal Reserve Chair Jay Powell over a $2.5bn renovation of the Fed's headquarters. Powell denounced the move as a political attempt to undermine the central bank's independence, linking it to his refusal to sharply cut interest rates as demanded by President Trump. Markets reacted nervously to the perceived threat to the Fed's autonomy, which is crucial for investor confidence and inflation control. Gold surged to a record $4,600 per ounce, reflecting a flight to safety, while the dollar fell and Treasury yields rose slightly, as investors began pricing in higher inflation risks. The S&P 500 futures dipped 0.7% amid heightened uncertainty.
US job creation slowed sharply in 2025, with only 50,000 jobs added in December and an annual monthly average of 49,000, the weakest since the Covid downturn. November's unemployment rate rose to 4.6%, a four-year high, before edging down slightly to 4.4% in December. Job growth missed expectations, particularly in retail and manufacturing, although the private sector led modest gains. October's losses in government employment reflected the impact of a government shutdown. The labour market appears mixed, with limited hiring and no sign of mass layoffs, leaving the outlook uncertain. The Fed cut interest rates three times in 2025, bringing them to a three-year low of 3.6%, but policymakers remain divided on further easing. Equities were little changed, as investors await clearer signals on economic momentum and the Fed's next move.
President Trump's dramatic capture of Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro and pledge to run Venezuela until a 'safe' transition raises serious geopolitical and economic concerns. Maduro, now in US custody facing narco-terrorism charges, was seized in a raid that also targeted military sites. Trump has vowed to send in US troops if needed and to deploy American oil firms to revive Venezuela's crumbling energy infrastructure. While the move may appeal to oil markets, critics warn it risks mirroring past failed interventions in Iraq and Afghanistan. The legality of capturing a foreign head of state is under scrutiny, and Venezuela's government, still functioning under Vice President Delcy Rodríguez, has labelled it a kidnapping. Latin American allies are split, and major powers like China and Russia have condemned the action. Markets are on edge, with oil prices rising slightly on the news, while political uncertainty at home and abroad clouds the outlook for further US rate cuts this year.